1.  Archer SM, Sondhi N, Helveston EM:  Strabismus in infancy, Ophthalmology 96:133, 1989.

2.  Bangerter A:  Ambloyopiebehandlung, ed 2, Basel, 1953, S. Karger AG p. 121.

3.  Birch EE:  Visual acuity testing in infants and young children, Ophthalmol Clin North Am 2:369, 1989.

4. Bixenman WW, von Noorden GK:  Benign recurrent VI nerve palsy in childhood, J. Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 28: 29, 1981.

5.  Bloom JN, Mardelle PG:  A magnetic resonance imaging study of the upshoot-downshoot phenomenon of Duane's retraction syndrome, Am J Ophthalmol 111:548, 1991.

6.  Burgess D, Roper-Hall G, Burde RM:  Binocular diplopia associated with subretinal neovascular membranes, Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh) 93:111, 1980.

7. Burian HM:  Motility clinic:  sudden onset of comitant convergent strabismus, Am J Ophthalmol 28:407, 1945.

8.  Burian HM, Franceschetti A:  Evaluation of diagnostic methods for the classification of exodeviation, Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 68:56, 1970.

9.  Burian HM, Miller JE:  Comitant convergent strabismus with acute onset, Am J Ophthalmol 45:55, 1958.

10.  Campos EC: Critical age of botulinum toxin treatment in essential infantile esotropia, JPOS 37:328, 2000.

11.  Chamberlin W:  Restriction in upward gaze with advancing age, Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 68:  234, 1970.

12.  Chrousos GA, O'Neill JF, Leuth B, Parks MM:  Accommodation deficiency in healthy young individuals, J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 25:  176, 1988.

13.  Demer JL, von Noorden GK:  High myopia as an unusual cause of restrictive motility disturbance, Surv Ophthalmol 32:281, 1989.

14.  Demer JL, von Noorden GK:  Optokinetic asymmetry in esotropia, j Pediatr Strabismus 25:286, 1988.

15.  Dobson V, Teller D, Lee CP, Wade B:  A behavioral method for efficient screening of visual acuity in young infants, Vision Res 18:1469, 1978.

16.  Duane A:  A new classification of the motor anomalies of the eyes based upon physiological principles, together with their symptoms, diagnosis and treatment, Ann Ophthalmol Otolaryngol 6:969, 1896.

17.  Emery JM, von Noordon GK:  Traumatic "pseudoprolapse" of orbital tissues into the maxillary antrum, Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol 79:893, 1975.

18.  Fitton MH, Jampolsky A:  A case report of spontaneous consecutive estropia, Am Orthopt J 61:86, 1964.

19.  Glaser J:  Neuroophthalmology, Hagerstown Md. 1978, Harper & Row, p. 271.

20.  Guyton DL, von Noorden GK:  Sensory adaptations to cyclodeviations. In:  Reinecke RD ed:  Strabismus. New York, 1978, Grune & Stratton, pp 399-403.

21.  Helveston EM:  Brown syndrome:  anatomic considerations and pathophysiology, Am Orthopt J 43:31, 1993.

22.  Helveston EM:  Cyclic strabismus, Am Orthopt J 23:48, 1973.

23.  Helveston EM:  The origins of congenital esotropia (19th annual Costenbader lecture), J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus, 30:215, 1993.

24.  Helveston EM:  Surgical management of strabismus.  An atlas of strabismus surgery, ed 4, St. Louis, 1993, CV Mosby.

25.  Helveston EM, Ellis FD:  Pediatric ophthalmology practice, ed 2, St Louis, Toronto, 1984, CV Mosby.

26.  Helveston EM, Ellis FD, Plager DA:  Large recessions of the horizontal recti for the treatment of nystagmus, Ophthalmology 98:1302, 1991.

27.  Helveston EM, Krach D, Plager DA, Ellis FD:  A new classification of superior oblique palsy based on congenital variation in the tendon, Ophthalmology 99:1609, 1992.

28. Helveston EM, von Noorden GK:  Microtropia, a newly defined entity, Arch Ophthalmol 78:272, 1967.

29.  Jampolsky A:  Management of acquired "adult" muscle palsies.  In Burde RM, ed:  Neuroophthalmology. Transactions of the New Orleans Academy of Ophthalmology, St. Louis, 1976, CV Mosby, p. 150.

30.  Kaufmann H, Kolling G:  Operative Therapie bei Nystagmuspatienten mit Binokularfunktion mit und one Kopfzwangshaltung, Ber Deutsch Ophthalmol Ges 78:815, 1981.

31.  Knapp P:  Diagnosis and surgical treatment of hypertropia, Am Orthop J 21:29, 1971.

32.  Knapp P, Moore S:  Diagnosis and surgical options in superior oblique paralysis, Int Ophthalmol Clin 16:137, 1976.

33.  Knox DL, Clark DB, Schuster FF:  Benign sixth nerve palsies in children, Pediatrics 40:5460, 1967.

34.  Kushner BJ:  Functional amblyopia associated with abnormalities of the optic nerve. Am J Ophthalmol 102:683, 1984.

35.  Kushner BJ:  Functional amblyopia associated with organic disease, Am J Ophthalmol 91:39, 1981.

36.  Kushner BJ:  Successful treatment of functional amblyopia associated with juvenile glaucoma, Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 226:150, 1988.

37.  Lang J:  Microtropia, Arch Ophthalmol 81:758, 1969.

38.  McDonald M, Dobson V, Sebris S, Baitch L, Varner D, Teller D:  The acuity card procedure:  a rapid test of infant acuity, Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 26:1158, 1985.

39.  Mumma JV:  Surgical procedure for congenital absence of the superior oblique, Arch Ophthalmol 92:221, 1974.

40.  Nixon RB, Helveston EM, Miller K, Archer SM, Ellis FD:  Incidence of strabismus in neonates, Am J Ophthalmol 100:798, 1985.

41.  Norcia AM, Hamer RD, Orel-Bixler D:  Temporal tuning of the motion VEP in infants, Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 31(Suppl):10, 1990.

42.  O'Donnell FE, del Monte M, Guyton DL:  Simultaneous correction of blepharoptosis and exotropia in aberrant regeneration of the oculomotor nerve by strabismus surgery, Ophthalmic Surg 11:695, 1980.

43.  Olivier P, von Noorden GK:  Excyclotropia of the nonparetic eye in unilateral superior oblique muscle paralysis, Am J Ophthalmol 93:30, 1982.

44.  Olivier P, von Noordon GK:  Results of superior oblique tenectomy in inferior oblique paresis, Arch Ophthalmol 100:581, 1982.

45. Parks MM:  Isolated cyclovertical muscle palsy, Arch Ophthalmol 60:1027, 1958.

46.  Pollard ZF:  Accommodative esotropia during the first year of life, Arch Ophthalmol 23:575, 1976.

47.  Ruttum M, von Noorden GK:  Adaptation to tilting of the visual environment in cyclotropia, Am J Ophthalmol 96:229, 1983.

48.  Ruttum M, von Noorden GK:  Orbital and facial anthropometry in A and V pattern strabismus.  In:  Reinecke RD, ed:  Strabismus II, New York, 1984, Grune & Stratton, p. 363.

49.  Scobee RG:  The oculorotary muscles, ed 2:  St. Louis, 1952, CV Mosby, p. 172.

50.  Scott AB:  Active force tests in lateral rectus paralysis, Arch Ophthalmol 85:397, 1971.

51.  Scott AB:  Strabismus-muscle forces and innervations.  In:  Lennerstrand G, Bach-y-Rita P, eds:  Basic mechanisms of ocular motility and their clinical implications, Oxford, 1975, Pergamon Press, p.181.

52.  Scott AB, Magoon EH, McNeer KW, et al:  Botulinum treatment of childhood strabismus, Ophthalmology 97:1434, 1990.

53.  Sidikaro J, von Noorden GK:  Observations on sensory heterotropia, J Pediatric Ophthalmol Strabismus 19:12, 1982.

54.  Souza-Dias C:  Surgical management of superior oblique paresis.  In:  Moore S, Mein J, eds:  Orthoptics:  past present, future, Miami, 1976, Symposia Specialist, p.388.

55.  Sprunger DT, von Noorden GK, Helveston EM:  Surgical results in Brown syndrome, J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 28(3):155, 1990.

56.  Sutcliffe J:  Torsion and spasms and abnormal head postures in children with hiatus hernias, Sandifer's syndrome. Progr Pediatr Radiol 2:190, 1969.

57.  von Noorden GK:  Atlas of strabismus, ed 3, St. Louis, 1983, CV Mosby.

58.  von Noorden GK:  Binocular vision and ocular motility:  theory and management of strabismus, ed 4, St. Louis, 1990, CV Mosby.

59.  von Noorden GK:  Idiopathic amblyopia, Am J Ophthalmol 100:214, 1985.

60.  von Noorden GK:  Pathophysiology of amblyopia:  diagnostic and therapeutic principles of pleoptics, Am Orthopt J 10:7, 1960.

61.  von Noorden GK:  A reassessment of infantile esotropia. (XLIV Edward Jackson Memorial Lecture), Am J Ophthalmol 105:1, 1988.

62.  von Noorden GK:  Recession of both horizontal recti muscles in Duane's retraction syndrome with elevation and depression of the adducted eye, Am J Ophthalmol 11:311, 1992.

63.  von Noorden GK:  Resection of both medial rectus muscles in organic convergence insufficiency, Am J Ophthalmol 81:223, 1975.

64.  von Noorden GK, Avilla CW:  Accommodative convergence in hypermetropia, Am J Ophthalmol 11:287, 1990.

65.  von Noorden GK, Brown DJ, Parks M:  Associated convergence and accommodative insufficiency, Doc Ophthalmol 34:393, 1973.

66.  von Noorden GK, Chu MW:  Surgical treatment options in cyclotropia, J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 27:291, 1990.

67.  von Noorden GK, Hansell R:  Clinical characteristics and treatment of isolated inferior rectus paralysis, Ophthalmology 98:253, 1991.

68.  von Noorden GK, Jenkins R:  Horizontal transposition of the vertical rectus muscles in cyclotropia, J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 30:8, 1993.

69.  von Noorden GK, Morris J, Edelman P:  Efficacy of bifocals in the treatment of accommodative esotropia, Am J Ophthalmol 85:830, 1978.

70.  von Noorden GK, Munoz M, Wong SY:  Compensatory mechanisms in congenital nystagmus, Am J Ophthalmol 104:387, 1987.

71.  von Noorden GK, Murray EM, Wong SY:  Superior oblique paralysis:  a review of 270 cases, Arch Ophthalmol 104:1771, 1986.

72.  von Noorden GK, Sprunger DT:  Large rectus muscle recessions for the treatment of congenital nystagmus, Arch Ophthalmol 109:221, 1991.

73.  Wiggins RE, von Noorden GK:  Monocular eye closure in sunlight, J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 27:16, 1990.

74.  Wilson ME, McClatchey SK:  Dissociated horizontal deviations, J Pediatr Ophthalmol 28:90, 1990.

75.   Wirth CJ, Hagena FW, Wuelker N, Siebert, WE:  Bilateral tenotomy for the treatment of congenital muscular torticollis, J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 74:427, 1992.

76.  Wright KW, Walonker F, Edelman P:  Ten-diopter fixation test for amblyopia, Arch Ophthalmol 99:1242, 1981.