Spasmodic retraction of eyes can occur when an attempt is made to move them in any direction; it is caused by lesions of midbrain, especially lesions in the vicinity of aqueduct of Sylvius).

1. Arteriovenous aneurysm

2. Brucellosis (Bang disease)

3. Cysticercus cyst

4. Ependymoma

5. Koerber-Salus-Elschnig syndrome (sylvian aqueduct syndrome)

*6. Parinaud syndrome (paralysis of vertical movement)

7. Vascular lesions

Duke-Elder S, Scott GI. System of ophthalmology, Vol XII. St. Louis: CV Mosby, 1971.

Huber A. Eye symptoms in brain tumors, 2nd ed. St. Louis: CV Mosby, 1971.