In pseudomembranous conjunctivitis, the fibrin network is easily peeled off, leaving the conjunctiva intact; it forms on the conjunctiva.

1. Bacteria

 A. C. diphtheriae
 *B. Gonococcus
 *C. Meningococcus
 D. Pneumococcus
 E. Staphylococcus
 *F. Streptococcus
 G. Uncommon-H. aegyptius, H. influenzae, N. catarrhalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, E. coli, Bacillus subtilis, Shigella, Bacillus faecalis alcaligenes, Salmonella paratyphi B, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Treponema pallidum

2. Viral

 *A. Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (type adenovirus)
 *B. Herpes simplex
 C. Herpes zoster
 D. Reiter syndrome (conjunctivourethrosynovial syndrome)
 E. Vaccina

3. Fungal- C. albicans
*4. Allergic-vernal conjunctivitis
5. Toxic

 *A. Stevens-Johnson syndrome can be caused by drugs, including the following: 

acetaminophen acetanilid acetazolamide acetohexamide acetophenazine allobarbital allopurinol amidone aminosalicylate(?) aminosalicylic acid(?) amithiozone amobarbital amodiaquine amoxicillin ampicillin antipyrine aprobarbital aspirin auranofin aurothioglucose aurothioglycanide barbital belladonna bendroflumethiazide benzathine penicillin G benzthiazide bromide bromisovalum butabarbital butalbital butallylonal butaperazine butethal captopril carbamazepine carbenicillin carbromal carisoprodol carphenazine cefaclor cefadroxil cefamandole cefazolin cefonicid cefoperazone ceforanide cefotaxime cefotetan cefoxitin cefsulodin ceftazidime ceftizoxime ceftriaxone cefuroxime cephalexin cephaloglycin cephaloridine cephalothin cephapirin cephradine chloroquine chlorothiazide chlorpromazine chlorpropamide chlortetracycline chlorthalidone cimetidine

clindamycin cloxacillin cyclobarbital cyclopentobarbital cyclothiazide danazol demeclocycline dichlorphenamide dicloxacillin diethazine diphenylhydantoin doxycycline enalapril erythromycin ethopropazine ethosuximide ethotoin ethoxzolamide fenoprofen fluphenazine furosemide gentamicin glyburide gold Au 198 gold sodium thiomalate gold sodium thiosulfate heptabarbital hetacillin hexethal hexobarbital hydrabamine penicillin V hydrochlorothiazide hydroflumethiazide hydroxychloroquine ibuprofen indapamide indomethacin isoniazid lincomycin mephenytoin mephobarbital meprobamate mesoridazine methacycline metharbital methazolamide methdilazine methicillin methitural methohexital methotrimeprazine methsuximide methyclothiazide methylphenidate metolazone minocycline minoxidil moxalactam nafcillin naproxen oxacillin oxyphenbutazone oxytetracycline paramethadione penicillin pentobarbital perazine

pericyazine perphenazine phenacetin phenobarbital phenoxymethyl penicillin phensuximide phenylbutazone phenytoin piperacetazine plproxen polythiazide potassium penicillin G potassium penicillin V potassium phenethicillin potassium phenoxymethyl primidone pro barbital procaine penicillin G prochlorperazine promazine promethazine proparacaine propiomazine propranolol quinethazone quinine rifampin secobarbital smallpox vaccine sodium salicylate sulfacetamide sulfachlorpyridazine sulfacytine sulfadiazine sulfadimethoxine sulfamerazine sulfameter sulfamethazine sulfamethizole sulfamethoxazole sulfamethoxypyridazine sulfanilamide sulfaphenazole sulfapyridine sulfasalazine sulfathiazole sulfisoxazole sulindac sulthiame talbutal tetracycline thiabendazole thiamylal thiethylperazine thiopental thiopropazate thioproperazine thioridazine tolazamide tolbutamide trichlormethiazide trifluoperazine triflupromazine trimeprazine trimethadione vancomycin vinbarbital

 *B. Benign mucous membrane pemphigoid can be caused by drugs, including the following:

carbamazepine carbimazole diphenylhydantoin ethosuximide griseofulvin hydralazine

isoniazid methimazole methsuximide methylthiouracil paramethadione phensuximide

practolol propylthiouracil streptomycin trimethadione

 C. Lyell disease (toxic epidermal necrolysis or scalded-skin syndrome) can be caused by drugs, including the following:

acetaminophen acetanilid acetazolamide acid bismuth sodium tartrate adrenal cortex injection aldosterone allobarbital amobarbital amoxapine amoxicillin ampicillin antipyrine aprobarbital aurothioglucose aurothioglycanide barbital bendroflumethiazide benzathine penicillin G benzthiazide betamethasone bismuth oxychloride bismuth sodium bismuth sodium bismuth sodium tartrate busulfan butabarbital butalbital butallylonal butethal carbamazepine carbenicillin carbimazole chlorambucil chlorothiazide chlortetracycline chlorthalidone clomipramine cloxacillin cortisone cyclobarbital cyclopentobarbital cyclophosphamide cyclothiazide dapsone demeclocycline desoxycorticosterone dexamethasone dichlorphenamide dicloxacillin diltiazem diphenylhydantoin

doxepin doxycycline erythromycin ethambutol ethotoin ethoxzolamide fludrocortisone fluprednisolone gold Au 198 gold sodium thiomalate heptabarbital hetacillin hexethal hexobarbital hydrabamine penicillin V hydrochlorothiazide hydrocortisone ibuprofen indapamide indomethacin isoniazid kanamycin mechlorethamine melphalan mephenytoin mephobarbital meprednisone methacycline metharbital methazolamide methicillin methitural methohexital methotrexate methyclothiazide methylprednisolone metolazone minocycline nafcillin nitrofurantoin oxacillin oxyphenbutazone oxytetracycline paramethadione paramethasone penicillamine pentobarbital phenobarbital phenoxymethyl penicillin phenylbutazone

phenylbutazone phenytoin piroxicam poliovirus vaccine polythiazide potassium penicillin G potassium penicillin V potassium phenethicillin prednisolone prednisone primidone probarbital procaine penicillin G procarbazine quinethazone secobarbital smallpox vaccine sodium salicylate streptomycin sulfacetamide sulfachlorpyridazine sulfadiazine sulfadimethoxine sulfamerazine sulfameter sulfamethazine sulfamethizole sulfamethoxazole sulfamethoxypyridazine sulfanilamide sulfaphenazole sulfapyridine sulfasalazine sulfathiazole sulfisoxazole sulindac talbutal tetracycline thiabendazole thiamylal thioglycollate thiopental triamcinolone trichlormethiazide triethylene-melamine triglycollamate trimethadione trimipramine uracil mustard vinbarbital

 D. Pemphigus vulgaris
 E. Hereditary epidermolysis bullosa

6. Chemical irritants

 A. Acids, such as acetic or lactic
 *B. Alkalis, such as ammonia or lime
 C. Metallic salts, such as silver nitrate or copper sulfate
 D. Vegetable and animal irritants

7. Acute graft-versus-host disease
8. Foot-and-mouth disease
9. Koch-Weeks bacillus
10. Ligneous conjunctivitis-chronic, cause unknown
11. Lipoid proteinosis (Urbach-Wiethe disease)
*12. Superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis
13. Traumatic or operative healing of wounds
14. Wegner granulomatosis

Barthelemy H, et al. Lipoid proteinosis with pseudomembranous conjunctivitis. J Am Acad Dermatol 1986; 14: 367-371.

Fraunfelder FT, Fraunfelder FW. Drug-induced ocular side effects. Woburn, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2001.

Pau H. Differential diagnosis of eye diseases, 2nd ed. New York: Thieme Medical, 1988.